Desktop Wallpaper Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013: Desktop Wallpapers Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013

Thursday 17 October 2013

Desktop Wallpapers Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013

Desktop Wallpapers Definition

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In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE) is an implementation of a desktop metaphor graphical user interface (GUI). The desktop environment was seen on most personal computers until the rise of mobile computing. Desktop GUIs help the user in easily accessing, configuring and modifying many important and frequently accessed specific operating system (OS) features. The GUI usually does not afford access to all the many features found in an OS. Instead, the traditional command-line interface (CLI) is still used when full control over the OS is required in such cases.

A desktop environment typically consists of icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers and desktop widgets (see Elements of graphical user interfaces and WIMP).

A GUI might also provide drag and drop functionality and other features that make the desktop metaphor more complete. A desktop environment aims to be an intuitive way for the user to interact with the computer using concepts which are similar to those used when interacting with the physical world, such as buttons and windows.

While the term desktop environment originally described a style of user interfaces following the desktop metaphor, it has also come to describe the programs that realize the metaphor itself. This usage has been popularized by the Common Desktop Environment and the K Desktop Environment.

The first desktop environment was by Xerox and was sold with the Xerox Alto in the 1970s. The Alto was generally considered by Xerox to be a personal office computer; it failed in the marketplace because of poor marketing and a very high price tag.[5] With the Lisa, Apple introduced a desktop environment on an affordable personal computer, which also failed in the market.

On commercial personal computers the desktop metaphor was popularized among technical users by the original Macintosh from Apple in 1984, and among the general population by Windows 95 from Microsoft in 1995. As of 2011 the most popular desktop environments are their updated versions in Windows XP and Windows 7, followed by the desktop environment of Mac OS X. When compared with desktop environments for Linux, the ones included with these operating systems are relatively unalterable.

Although, with the exception of Macs, which are shipped with Mac OS X, personal computers using Linux and other Unix-like OSs are still much less common,in recent years there has been a growing market for low cost Linux PCs that use the X Window System. These machines support many X11-based desktop environments.

To programmers, a set of standard APIs, a programming environment, and human interface guidelines.

To translators, a collaboration infrastructure. KDE and GNOME are available in many languages.

To artists, a workspace to share their talents.

To ergonomics specialists, the chance to help simplify the working environment

To developers of third-party applications, a reference environment for integration. OpenOffice.org is one such application.

To users, a complete desktop environment and a suite of essential applications. These include a file manager, web browser, multimedia player, email client, address book, PDF reader, photo manager, and system preferences application.

In the early 2000s, KDE reached maturity along with GNOME.[citation needed] Still active, the Appeal and ToPaZ projects focus on bringing new advances to the next major releases of both KDE and GNOME respectively. Although striving for broadly similar goals, GNOME and KDE do differ in their approach to user ergonomics. KDE encourages applications to integrate and interoperate, is highly customizable, and contains many complex features, all whilst trying to establish sensible defaults. GNOME on the other hand is more prescriptive, and focuses on the finer details of essential tasks and overall simplification. Accordingly, each one attracts a different user and developer community. Technically, there are numerous technologies common to all Linux desktop environments, most obviously the X Window System. Accordingly, the freedesktop.org project was established as an informal collaboration zone with the goal being to reduce duplication of effort.

Desktop Wallpapers Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013