Desktop Wallpaper Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013: Desktop Wallpaper Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013

Wednesday, 16 October 2013

Desktop Wallpaper Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013

Desktop Wallpaper Definition

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In graphical computing, a desktop environment (DE) is an implementation of a desktop metaphor graphical user interface (GUI). The desktop environment was seen on most personal computers until the rise of mobile computing. Desktop GUIs help the user in easily accessing, configuring and modifying many important and frequently accessed specific operating system (OS) features. The GUI usually does not afford access to all the many features found in an OS. Instead, the traditional command-line interface (CLI) is still used when full control over the OS is required in such cases.

A desktop environment typically consists of icons, windows, toolbars, folders, wallpapers and desktop widgets (see Elements of graphical user interfaces and WIMP)

A GUI might also provide drag and drop functionality and other features that make the desktop metaphor more complete. A desktop environment aims to be an intuitive way for the user to interact with the computer using concepts which are similar to those used when interacting with the physical world, such as buttons and windows.

While the term desktop environment originally described a style of user interfaces following the desktop metaphor, it has also come to describe the programs that realize the metaphor itself.[4] This usage has been popularized by the Common Desktop Environment and the K Desktop Environment.

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On a system that offers a desktop environment, a window manager in conjunction with applications written using a widget toolkit are generally responsible for most of what the user sees. The window manager supports the user interactions with the environment, while the toolkit provides developers a software library for applications with a unified look and behavior.

A windowing system of some sort generally interfaces directly with the underlying operating system and libraries. This provides support for graphical hardware, pointing devices, and keyboards. The window manager generally runs on top of this windowing system. While the windowing system may provide some window management functionality, this functionality is still considered to be part of the window manager, which simply happens to have been provided by the windowing system.

Applications that are created with a particular window manager in mind usually make use of a windowing toolkit, generally provided with the operating system or window manager. A windowing toolkit gives applications access to widgets that allow the user to interact graphically with the application in a consistent way.

Further information: History of the graphical user interface

The first desktop environment was by Xerox and was sold with the Xerox Alto in the 1970s. The Alto was generally considered by Xerox to be a personal office computer; it failed in the marketplace because of poor marketing and a very high price tag.[5] With the Lisa, Apple introduced a desktop environment on an affordable personal computer, which also failed in the market.

On commercial personal computers the desktop metaphor was popularized among technical users by the original Macintosh from Apple in 1984, and among the general population by Windows 95 from Microsoft in 1995. As of 2011 the most popular desktop environments are their updated versions in Windows XP and Windows 7, followed by the desktop environment of Mac OS X. When compared with desktop environments for Linux, the ones included with these operating systems are relatively unalterable.

Although, with the exception of Macs, which are shipped with Mac OS X, personal computers using Linux and other Unix-like OSs are still much less common,[6] in recent years there has been a growing market for low cost Linux PCs that use the X Window System. These machines support many X11-based desktop environments.

Desktop environments for the X Window System[edit]

On systems running the X Window System (typically Unix-like systems such as Linux), the desktop environment is much more flexible. In this context, a desktop environment typically consists of a window manager (such as Metacity or KWin), a file manager (such as Nautilus or Dolphin), a set of themes, and programs and libraries for managing the desktop. All of these individual modules can be exchanged and individually configured to achieve a unique combination, but most desktop environments provide a default configuration that requires minimal user input.

Some window managers such as IceWM, Fluxbox and Window Maker contain rudimentary desktop environment elements, while others like evilwm and wmii do not.

Not all of the program code that is part of a desktop environment has effects which are directly visible to the user. Some of it may be low-level code. KDE, for example, provides so-called KIO slaves which give the user access to a wide range of virtual devices. These I/O slaves are not available outside the KDE environment.

Initially, CDE was available as a proprietary solution, but was never popular on Linux systems due to cost and licensing restrictions.[citation needed] In 1996 the KDE was announced, followed in 1997 by the announcement of GNOME. Xfce is a smaller project that was also founded in 1996, and focuses on speed and modularity, just like LXDE which was started in 2006. A comparison of X Window System desktop environments demonstrates the differences between environments. Today, GNOME and KDE are the dominant solutions, and these are often installed by default on GNU/Linux systems. Each of them offers:

Desktop Wallpaper Hd Art Hd 3d Nature Butterfly Dwonload Hd Animated 3d Hd God Flowers 2013